GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
LAW ENFORCEMENT
- The juvenile justice system is the primary system used to handle minors who are convicted of criminal offenses in the United States.
- It involves a multi-sectorial operation aimed at rehabilitating errant minors. The agencies involved in the operation includes the police, the courts, and the correctional facilities.
- The rehabilitative operations are set on the premise that intervening in the lives of minors early would help them shape their behavior for the future.
School Resource Officer School to Prison Pipeline Juvenile Rights
COURTS
- Juvenile courts are tribunals that are set up to hear and determine criminal cases against minors.
Restorative justice Court process for juveniles Alternatives to arrest
CORRECTIONS
- Corrections are the facilities where minors get rehabilitation.
- In the facilities, the minors learn necessary life skills.
- The correction facilities also have educational programs, psychological treatment and mental health care.
Juvenile parole/probation officer Separating juveniles from adults
COMMUNICATIONS
- Juveniles go through varied negative emotions while under incarceration. It follows; professionals attending to the juveniles must be well equipped with effective communication skills.
- The first step in establishing such communication is through creation of a relationship of trust with the juvenile.
- Notably, some specific skills that can be used include active listening and understanding.
- As the professionals communicate, they should also take note of non-verbal cues. Such techniques include maintaining an eye contact and being aware of differences.
REFERENCES
Aizer, A. & Doyle, J. (2013). Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges.
Heitzeg, Nancy A. (2009). “Education or Incarceration: Zero Tolerance Policies and the School to Prison Pipeline” (PDF). Forum on Public Policy Online. 2009 (2). ERIC EJ870076.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act oF 1974 [Public Law 93–415; 88 Stat. 1109]. Section 103(6).
Morris RE. How to Accomplish Effective Communication Between Juvenile Delinquents and Health Care Providers. Journal of Correctional Health Care. 1995;2(2):151-168.
National Institute of Justice, Harvard Kennedy School. (October 21, 2016). The Future of Youth Justice: A Community-Based Alternative to the Youth Prison Model.
Sickmund, Melissa, and Puzzanchera, Charles (eds.). 2014. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2014 National Report. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Chapter 7.
The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997a.
United States Department of Justice. Department of Education. “Local Implementation Rubric”.
United States v. One Juvenile Male, 40 F.3d 841, 844 (6th Cir. 1994)
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 42 U.S.C. § 14141 (re-codified at 34 U.S.C. § 12601.
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